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What is Credit?
Consumer credit started back in 1956 with two men named Bill
Fair and Earl Isaac. Fair, a mathematician, and Isaac - an engineer - founded the
Fair Isaac Company; otherwise, known today as the FICO (sounds like psycho)
score. This credit system has standardized the way the financial industry extends "credit".
The result is 3 national credit programs at the (Big) 3 Bureaus:
FAIR - ISAAC at Experian (formerly TRW);
BEACON at Equifax;
EMPIRICA at Trans Union.
Beacon and Empirica, both subscribe to the Fair Isaac's
FICO model of scoring and then they integrate their own version of a person's FICO score. On the other hand, when borrowers
look for a mortgage loan, lenders use what's called a "tri-merge". A tri-merge
verifies all data held by the 3 Bureau and merges it into one report.
The main problem of a credit grade is that its based on your
credit to debt ratio
(80% or more borrowed against your maximum credit
limit). Beacon scores range from 400 - 844; while,
FICO scores range between 350 - 880. Lenders determine the investment
quality of a loan by the credit grade system in the
following order - A, B, C or D. "A" represents the highest quality loan, and
"D" paper is the highest risk loan for the investor.
For example, if your credit score is 680 or more, you fall in the 'A' paper category; however, not all lenders rate credit the same way. So the question is: how does your credit affect the interest rate a lender will charge you?
The answer depends on your level of consistency in making
good payments in your credit history, along with your debt
ratio
(80% or more borrowed against your maximum credit
limit). If both are good, the loan is assigned an 'A' grade; and, qualifies for the best interest rate. If even one of the factors is not up to par, the quality of the loan is downgraded to 'A-" or 'B' paper.
Consequently, the interest rate goes up as the perceived risk factor increases. There is a higher risk for a lender making a B, C or D paper loan because there is a higher risk for a defaulted loan. Therefore, the lender is compensated for the higher risk by charging the borrower a higher interest rate.
When lenders review your credit score, it's reviewed by an underwriter. The underwriter and
credit scores are assessed and rated by the following criteria:
Lifestyle History
How long you've lived at your residence
Do you own or rent (Owning property - earns extra credit)
How long you've been employed at your current job
Education level (College Education - earns extra credit)
How much money earned and how credit has been used
Payment history
Public record and collection items
Severity, recent and frequency of delinquencies noted in trade line section
Outstanding debt
Credit history
Number of balances recently reported
Average balance across all trade lines
Relationship between total balances and total credit limits on revolving trade lines
(80% or more borrowed against your maximum credit
limit).
Pursuit of new credit
Number of inquiries and new account openings in the last year
Amount of time since most recent inquiry
Types of credit in use
Number of trade lines reported for each type Bankcard
Department store cards
Personal finance company references
Travel and entertainment cards
Installment loans
Quick Improve Your Credit Scoring Tips
1) Obtain Your Credit FICO Score
2) Make any credit corrections with the proper documentation
3) Pay off small balances on high limit credit cards
4) Consolidate credit card bills onto fewer credit cards
5) Cancel certain credit cards and shift the balances onto fewer cards. (Shifting small balances to fewer cards raises the ratio of your unpaid balances).
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